As 2025 begins, HVAC businesses face both opportunities and significant changes, especially regarding refrigerant regulations. With the enactment of the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act in 2020, a major shift is underway, requiring HVAC professionals to adapt to the phasedown of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), widely used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
The AIM Act mandates a 15-year reduction of HFCs, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set strict standards to address the environmental impact of refrigerants. Specifically, the EPA now limits the global warming potential (GWP) of refrigerants used in new air conditioning equipment to 750. This means that R-410A, with a much higher GWP of 2,088, will be phased out in new equipment starting this year. By January 1, 2026, all new HVAC systems will need to use low-GWP refrigerants, and equipment manufactured or imported after January 1, 2025, must comply with these regulations.
Although compliance largely falls on manufacturers, contractors must prepare for how these changes will impact their operations. Understanding the shift to low-GWP refrigerants, particularly A2L refrigerants, is crucial.
The Future of Refrigerants: A2L
A2L refrigerants are poised to become the go-to alternative to higher-GWP options like R-410A. Classified by ASHRAE as “mildly flammable,” these refrigerants offer a lower environmental impact while maintaining safety standards. A2Ls represent a safe and efficient solution, with key characteristics that HVAC professionals should be aware of:
• Composition: A2L refrigerants can be single refrigerants or blends of multiple refrigerants in specific proportions.
• Lower Flammability: A2Ls are less flammable than A3 refrigerants, such as hydrocarbons, propane, and isobutane, making them safer for use in various applications.
• Low Toxicity: Classified as the second safest refrigerants, A2Ls are less toxic than B-series options like ammonia.
• Applications: While currently common in window units and PTACs, A2Ls are also being explored for use in larger split systems and commercial applications.
• Safety: These refrigerants are extremely difficult to ignite, enhancing safety for both installation and use.
With the implementation of A2L refrigerants, building codes and safety standards will need to be updated to ensure their safe installation in both new and retrofitted systems. Contractors should stay informed and educated about these new codes to maintain compliance and ensure safe practices.
Common Concerns for Contractors
As with any industry change, the shift to A2L refrigerants raises questions for HVAC professionals. Below are some of the most common concerns:
• Do I need to take another EPA exam? No. While A2Ls will be regulated, there is no need for additional certification. If you hold an EPA Section 608 certification, you are already qualified to work with A2L refrigerants without taking another exam.
• Will I need to buy all new tools? The good news is that many of your existing tools may still be compatible. However, it’s wise to check with your tool manufacturer to confirm that your current equipment is approved for use with A2Ls.
• Can I add A2L refrigerants to systems designed for A1 refrigerants? Absolutely not. A2L refrigerants are only compatible with systems specifically designed for their use. Under no circumstances should A2Ls be added to systems designed for A1 refrigerants, as this could pose safety and operational risks.
Stay Ahead with Training
As the HVAC industry undergoes this transition, ongoing education and training are essential to stay ahead of these regulatory changes. At APR, we offer a wide range of training courses to help contractors and technicians navigate the shift to low-GWP refrigerants like A2Ls. These sessions will keep you informed on the latest industry standards and manufacturer developments.
Don’t get left behind—register for our training sessions today at https://aprresources.com/events/ and stay at the forefront of this industry transition.
